Chapter 2 Outline
Limitations of the Research
1. At best most homework studies show only an association, not a causal relationship
2. Do we really know how much homework kids do?
3. Homework studies confuse grades and test scores for learning
Cautionary Findings
4. Homework matters less the longer you look
5. Even where they do exist, positive effects are often quite small
6. There is no evidence of any academic benefit of homework in elementary school
Additional Research
7. The results of national and international exams raise further doubts about homework's role
8. Incidental research raises further doubts about homework
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